Conceptual Framework of an AI-Enhanced Mobile Learning Model Through the EDU Coach Application to Improve English Speaking Confidence and Communicative Competence of Pre-service Education Students

Abstract

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and mobile learning technologies has created new opportunities for enhancing English language learning, particularly in developing communicative competence and speaking confidence among pre-service teachers. However, many existing AI-assisted language learning systems remain technologically oriented and lack integration with pedagogical, cognitive, and communicative learning theories. This study aimed to develop the Conceptual Framework of an AI-Enhanced Mobile Learning Model through the EDU Coach application to improve English speaking confidence and communicative competence among pre-service education students. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach integrated with conceptual framework synthesis and prototype design methodology. The research was conducted in four phases: theoretical synthesis, conceptual framework development, EDU Coach prototype component design, and expert-based prototype evaluation. The conceptual framework was synthesized from six foundational bases: theoretical base, pedagogical base, communicative competence and English-speaking confidence base, media theory base, technology base, and contextual base. These foundations were operationalized into seven integrated prototype components: Mission-Based Learning Environment, Coach Selection Screen, Learning Zone, AI Coach with Real-Time Support, Feedback and Retry Loop, Progress Tracker, and Scaffolding Support Center. The prototype was evaluated by seven experts in English language teaching, educational technology, and teacher education. Quantitative data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that all evaluation dimensions exceeded the acceptance threshold (M ≥ 4.00), with the overall prototype quality rated at a high level (M = 4.55, SD = 0.38). Perceived Overall Effectiveness received the highest expert-rating score (M = 4.76, SD = 0.35). The study concludes that expert appraisal indicates the EDU Coach prototype has strong theoretical coherence, pedagogical appropriateness, and practical feasibility for supporting AI-enhanced English communication learning in teacher education contexts.